CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation of prior application Ser. 11/550,863 filed on Oct. 19, 2006 which is a continuation of application Ser. 11/104,467 filed on Apr. 13, 2005 (now U.S. 7,134,505) which is a division of application Ser.
10/299,004 filed on Nov. 19, 2002 (now U.S. 6,907,936) which claims priority to provisional application Ser. 60/331,491 filed on Nov. 19, 2001 and to provisional application Ser. 60/404,783 filed Aug. The entire disclosures of these prior applications are incorporated herein by this reference for all purposes.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a method and apparatus for wellbore fluid treatment and, in particular, to a method and apparatus for selective communication to a wellbore for fluid treatment. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION An oil or gas well relies on inflow of petroleum products. When drilling an oil or gas well, an operator may decide to leave productive intervals uncased (open hole) to expose porosity and permit unrestricted wellbore inflow of petroleum products. Alternately, the hole may be cased with a liner, which is then perforated to permit inflow through the openings created by perforating. When natural inflow from the well is not economical, the well may require wellbore treatment termed stimulation.
This is accomplished by pumping stimulation fluids such as fracturing fluids, acid, cleaning chemicals and/or proppant laden fluids to improve wellbore inflow. In one previous method, the well is isolated in segments and each segment is individually treated so that concentrated and controlled fluid treatment can be provided along the wellbore. Often, in this method a tubing string is used with inflatable element packers thereabout which provide for segment isolation. The packers, which are inflated with pressure using a bladder, are used to isolate segments of the well and the tubing is used to convey treatment fluids to the isolated segment. Such inflatable packers may be limited with respect to pressure capabilities as well as durability under high pressure conditions. Generally, the packers are run for a wellbore treatment, but must be moved after each treatment if it is desired to isolate other segments of the well for treatment.
This process can be expensive and time consuming. Furthermore, it may require stimulation pumping equipment to be at the well site for long periods of time or for multiple visits. This method can be very time consuming and costly. Other procedures for stimulation treatments use foam diverters, gelled diverters and/or limited entry procedures through tubulars to distribute fluids. Each of these may or may not be effective in distributing fluids to the desired segments in the wellbore. The tubing string, which conveys the treatment fluid, can include ports or openings for the fluid to pass therethrough into the borehole.
Where more concentrated fluid treatment is desired in one position along the wellbore, a small number of larger ports are used. In another method, where it is desired to distribute treatment fluids over a greater area, a perforated tubing string is used having a plurality of spaced apart perforations through its wall. The perforations can be distributed along the length of the tube or only at selected segments.
Packers Hydraulic Solutions
The open area of each perforation can be pre-selected to control the volume of fluid passing from the tube during use. When fluids are pumped into the liner, a pressure drop is created across the sized ports. The pressure drop causes approximate equal volumes of fluid to exit each polt in order to distribute stimulation fluids to desired segments of the well.
Where there are significant numbers of perforations, the fluid must be pumped at high rates to achieve a consistent distribution of treatment fluids along the wellbore. In many previous systems, it is necessary to run the tubing string into the bore hole with the ports or perforations already opened. This is especially true where a distributed application of treatment fluid is desired such that a plurality of ports or perforations must be open at the same time for passage therethrough of fluid. This need to run in a tube already including open perforations can hinder the running operation and limit usefulness of the tubing string. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A method and apparatus has been invented which provides for selective communication to a wellbore for fluid treatment. In one aspect of the invention the method and apparatus provide for staged injection of treatment fluids wherein fluid is injected into selected intervals of the wellbore, while other intervals are closed. In another aspect, the method and apparatus provide for the running in of a fluid treatment string, the fluid treatment string having ports substantially closed against the passage of fluid therethrough, but which are openable when desired to permit fluid flow into the wellbore.
The apparatus and methods of the present invention can be used in various borehole conditions including open holes, cased holes, vertical holes, horizontal holes, straight holes or deviated holes. At least one packer set in an open borehole, the packer comprising spaced apart first and second packing elements on a generally tubular mandrel, and a hydraulically actuated setting mechanism positioned between the first and second packing elements, an annular area being defined longitudinally between the first and second packing elements and radially between the packer and the open borehole, and fluid communication being substantially prevented between the annular area and an interior of the mandrel; and.
Surface Pressure Equipment - Wireline Stuffing Boxes The stuffing box is specifically designed to seal around solid wireline (slickline) to confine wellbore fluids and gases within the surface pressure equipment. This allows wireline operations to be carried out under pressure. The stuffing box can be operated either manually or hydraulically without part modifications. This also provides a safety feature in case of hydraulic failure.
Vanoil stuffing boxes come with a sheave assembly incorporating either 12' to 17' sheave wheels. They are suitable for all standard slicklines up to and including 0.125'. Stuffing boxes are available from 5000 PSI to 15000 PSI working pressures and for standard or sour service environments. Special Features: - in case of wireline breakage, the internal blow plug seals off flow and contains well pressure - the large diameter sheave is designed to reduce stress on the wireline, caused by running in and out of the wellbore - the manual packing nut provides a manual override in case of loss of hydraulic pressure Vanoil Equipment Incorporated, Bay 1, 8075 49 Avenue, Red Deer, AB T4P 2V5. Tel: 403-347-8280; Fax: 403-347-8281.
While considerable effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the technical data in this handbook, no warranty is expressed or implied in this respect. Schlumberger warrants only that its products are free from defects in workmanship and materials and makes no warranty otherwise. Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Area, Volume and Capacity. Area. Annular Area. Volume.
Force Due To Pressure. Forces Due To Pressure Differentials. String Weight and Buoyancy Chapter 4 - Hydraulic Forces and Hook Loads. Single Grip Retrievable Packers. Hydraulic Forces and Single Grip Packers.
Chilton's Perennial Edition Service Manuals contain repair and maintenance. Good book but not if you want it for the Suzuki Esteem, check elsewhere for. Suzuki Esteem Haynes Repair Manual - Technical Book, Part Number: 10425 Vehicle Specific Haynes Repair Manual - Technical Book. Use the form above to. Up to 75% Off Factory Suzuki Auto Service Manuals. Chilton/Haynes Suzuki Manuals. 1998 - 2001 Suzuki Esteem Factory Wiring Diagrams Manual (SKU:. Used chilton repair manuals. SuzukiEsteem repair manuals are available at the click of a mouse! Our SuzukiEsteem onine manuals and information are updated monthly, to ensure you get. 1986 Suzuki Samurai Repair Manual Chilton. Part # P311-04B119C Manu. Question From Guest on 2000 suzuki esteem manual. I am looking for a repair.
Smaller Than Packer Bore. Tubing O.D. Larger than Packer Seal Bore. Tubing O.D. Larger than Packer Seal Bore and Tubing I.D. Smaller Than Packer Seal Bore.
General Hook Load Calculations for Unplugged Tubing. Seal Assemblies. Plugged Tubing. General Hook Load Calculations For Plugged Tubing.
Tapered Tubing Strings Chapter 5 - Force and Length Changes. Piston Effect. Ballooning.
Buckling. Temperature Effects. Applied Forces. The Total Effect Chapter 6 - Tubing String. Tubing Classification. Top Joint Tension Chapter 7 - Tubing Anchors. Tubing Anchor Calculations for Rod Pump Wells.
Mechanical Anchors Used in Rod Pumped Wells. Tubing Loads and Shear Values Schlumberger.
Hydra-Tech’s hydraulic power units are designed to give years of reliable service with minimal maintenance. All our power units include hydraulic oil coolers, return filters with spin-on cartridges, remote pressure control valve and triple filtration. Our 25 HP and above power units include a towable highway trailer package that meets or exceeds state DOT requirements.
Engines and hydraulic pumps are closely matched to optimize system performance, fuel efficiency and service life. Our hydraulic power units have been designed to run on a wide variety of standard hydraulic oils as well as the newest non-toxic, bio-degradable oils. In addition to powering hydraulic submersible pumps, they can also be used in the concrete cutting and coring industry to power hydraulic drills, ring saws, grinders, and chain saws, and in the railroad rail side maintenance industry to run hydraulic tie drills, spike pullers and drivers, impact wrenches and many other right of way support tools. Gas Powered – Hydra-Tech’s hydraulic power units are designed to give years of reliable service with minimal maintenance. All our power units include hydraulic oil coolers, return filters with spin-on cartridges, remote pressure control valve and triple filtration. Our 25 HP and above power units include a towable highway trailer package that meets or exceeds state DOT requirements. Engines and hydraulic pumps are closely matched to optimize system performance, fuel efficiency and service life.
Our hydraulic power units have been designed to run on a wide variety of standard hydraulic oils as well as the newest non-toxic, bio-degradable oils. In addition to powering hydraulic submersible pumps, they can also be used in the concrete cutting and coring industry to power hydraulic drills, ring saws, grinders, and chain saws, and in the railroad rail side maintenance industry to run hydraulic tie drills, spike pullers and drivers, impact wrenches and many other right of way support tools. Diesel Powered – Hydra-Tech’s hydraulic power units are designed to give years of reliable service with minimal maintenance.
All our power units include hydraulic oil coolers, return filters with spin-on cartridges, remote pressure control valve and triple filtration. Our 25 HP and above power units include a towable highway trailer package that meets or exceeds state DOT requirements. Case ih 4894 specs. Engines and hydraulic pumps are closely matched to optimize system performance, fuel efficiency and service life. Our hydraulic power units have been designed to run on a wide variety of standard hydraulic oils as well as the newest non-toxic, bio-degradable oils. In addition to powering hydraulic submersible pumps, they can also be used in the concrete cutting and coring industry to power hydraulic drills, ring saws, grinders, and chain saws, and in the railroad rail side maintenance industry to run hydraulic tie drills, spike pullers and drivers, impact wrenches and many other right of way support tools. Sound Attenuated – Hydra-Tech’s hydraulic power units are designed to give years of reliable service with minimal maintenance. All our power units include hydraulic oil coolers, return filters with spin-on cartridges, remote pressure control valve and triple filtration.
Our 25 HP and above power units include a towable highway trailer package that meets or exceeds state DOT requirements. Engines and hydraulic pumps are closely matched to optimize system performance, fuel efficiency and service life. Our hydraulic power units have been designed to run on a wide variety of standard hydraulic oils as well as the newest non-toxic, bio-degradable oils. In addition to powering hydraulic submersible pumps, they can also be used in the concrete cutting and coring industry to power hydraulic drills, ring saws, grinders, and chain saws, and in the railroad rail side maintenance industry to run hydraulic tie drills, spike pullers and drivers, impact wrenches and many other right of way support tools.
A device that can be into a wellbore with a smaller initial that then expands externally to seal the wellbore. Packers employ flexible, elastomeric elements that expand. The two most common forms are the production or test packer and the. The expansion of the former may be accomplished by squeezing the elastomeric elements (somewhat doughnut shaped) between two plates, forcing the sides to bulge outward. The expansion of the latter is accomplished by pumping a fluid into a bladder, in much the same fashion as a balloon, but having more robust construction. Production or test packers may be set in cased holes and inflatable packers are used in open or cased holes. They may be run on, pipe or coiled tubing.
Some packers are designed to be removable, while others are permanent. Permanent packers are constructed of materials that are easy to drill or out.